Correcting and complementing for bird items in great dictionaries
LI Hai-xia
(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310028,Zhejiang,China)
Abstract:The interpreting to some bird items in The Great Chinese Dictionary and The Great Chinese Characters Dictionary are wrong or vague.This thesis makes a textual research to 21 animal names,finding out what a name infers to exactly,in order to correct and complement relative bird items in the two great dictionaries.
Key words:bird items;explanation;correctness;dictionaries
16-1.gif (191 bytes),《汉语大字典》[1]七。4 633:“16-1.gif (191 bytes),小鸟名。16-1.gif (191 bytes)雀,鹑的一种。又名‘老雇’‘冠雀’‘角阿阑’。”引清桂馥《札朴。乡里旧闻。阿阑》:“鸟色似鹑而形瘦小,有毛角,善鸣,能学众声。乡人宠而爱玩之,呼为角阿阑,无角者谓之麻阿阑。按,即16-1.gif (191 bytes)雀也。”《汉语大词典》[2]12。1 106略同(以下《汉语大字典》简称《大字典》,《汉语大词典》简称《大词典》)。
按,二典的解释和其别名、书证相矛盾。16-1.gif (191 bytes)有一义的确指鹌鹑,即雇、16-2.gif (188 bytes),因为16-1.gif (191 bytes)是16-2.gif (188 bytes)的异体字。宋《集韵。谏韵》:“16-2.gif (188 bytes),191-5.gif (72 bytes)属。”191-5.gif (72 bytes)即鹌鹑(《尔雅。释鸟》及郭璞注)。明《正字通。鸟部》:“16-1.gif (191 bytes),同16-2.gif (188 bytes)。”“16-2.gif (188 bytes)”下出《庄子。逍遥游》“斥16-2.gif (188 bytes)”,斥16-2.gif (188 bytes)即尺16-2.gif (188 bytes),鹌鹑草栖,常飞数尺高又落入草丛中。鹌鹑小型,头上无毛冠。16-1.gif (191 bytes)又有一义指桂馥所描写的鸟,“冠雀”“角阿阑”,即今雀形目百灵科的凤头百灵(Galerida cristata)。头上有一撮冠羽,羽色麻黑似鹌鹑,善高飞鸣转,为中国著名笼鸟。《中国动物图谱。鸟类》载凤头百灵有别名“阿兰、角角”,云雀亦有别名“阿兰”[3]。凤头百灵和云雀都属百灵科,云雀无冠羽,应是“麻阿阑(兰)”,“角阿兰”“冠雀”指有冠羽的凤头百灵无疑。